4. Project Strategy/Method

Project method has its intellectual origins in John Dewey’s philosophy of education. Dr. W.H. Kilpatrick is believed to be the pioneer of this method.

According to Callahan & Clark, “A project is any activity, individual or group, involving the investigation and solution of problems, planned and carried out to conclusion under the guidance of the teacher.”


And it's  features  are as follows;

1. It extends beyound classroom teaching
2. Carried out in real life situations
3. involves investigation and problem solving
4. effective interaction between students and the social environment
5. teacher acts as a guide
6. creates opportunities to acquire social skills and enables students to studeyfunctional aspects of the subjects 

And it has five principles and they are as follows;

1. Principle of utility where it attempts to study and investigate a practical problem/situation
2. Principle of readiness where teacher gives task to the students  and students have the opportunity to choose the purpose
3. Principle of learning by doing learners come to direct contact with the learning situation, acquiring the knowledge  and experience throught the practical experience.
4. Principle of freedom at work where teacher acts as a facilatator and students are given freedom to learn
5. Principle of socialization , which helps the learners to come in direct contact with the social environment making them to be able to live and adjust in their social environment.

Types of project work

According to Dr. W.H. Kilpatrick (1918) that there are four types of pproject wrok in his paper on project method.
 

A. Produce Type: which involvs construction or production of a useful              article/object to “embody some or plan in external form.”

B. Consumer Type:  which provides opportunities for appreciation of some           aesthetic experience.

C. Investigation Type: which involves study and investigation of practical                 situations/problems-.

D. Drill Type: which provides opportunities for mastery of certain skills.